1成果简介

　　可穿戴电子正在深刻改变人类生活方式——从健康监测、运动追踪到人机交互，智能织物正逐步融入日常穿着。然而，持续供电始终是可穿戴电子的核心瓶颈。传统电池体积大、重量沉、需频繁充电，与织物的轻质柔性需求格格不入。如何从人体和周围环境中持续收集能量，实现可穿戴电子的自供电运行，是柔性电子领域的终极目标。人体热能是最稳定、最持久的能量来源之一。人体皮肤温度通常比环境温度高5–15 °C，这一温差蕴含着可观的热能。热电发电机（TEGs）利用塞贝克效应可将温差直接转化为电能，是人体热能收集的理想技术。然而，传统热电材料（Bi₂Te₃等）刚性脆性，无法与柔性织物集成，且成本高昂。多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）凭借优异的导电性、柔性和可溶液加工特性，是构建柔性热电和储能器件的理想材料。丝网印刷是一种成熟的纺织品图案化技术，工艺简单、成本低、适合大规模生产。将MWCNTs通过丝网印刷沉积到织物上，可同时实现热电能量收集和超级电容能量存储的一体化集成。

　　本文，葡萄牙波尔图大学André M. Pereira、Clara R. Pereira团队在ACS Applied Electronic Materials期刊发表名为"From Body Heat to Boosted Charge: Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Based Screen-Printed Textiles for Flexible Energy Harvesting and Storage"的论文。该研究创新性地开发了MWCNT基丝网印刷纺织品，集成了热电能量收集和超级电容能量存储双重功能，实现了从体热到充电的完整能量自供给链路。该工作的核心创新在于：(1) 一体化能量收集-存储——同一MWCNT丝网印刷纺织品既作为热电发电机收集体热，又作为超级电容器存储电荷，无需外部分立器件；(2) 丝网印刷可扩展工艺——MWCNT浆料丝网印刷到商用纺织品上，工艺简单、成本低、可大规模生产；(3) 纯碳材料体系——避免稀有金属（Bi₂Te₃、RuO₂等）的使用，环境友好且成本低廉；(4) 可穿戴集成验证——器件在弯曲、拉伸和洗涤后仍保持性能，证明了实际可穿戴应用的可行性。

　　2图文导读

　　图1、1. (A) Schematic illustration of the screen-printed T-TCSC, featuring an in-plane interdigital electrode architecture integrated with a solid-gel PVA/H3PO4 electrolyte. (B) Photograph of a representative interdigital T-TCSC screen-printed onto a cotton textile using MWCNT-based ink and (C) demonstration of the device’s mechanical flexibility and low thickness, emphasizing its suitability for wearable applications.

　　图2. (A) X-ray diffractograms of commercial MWCNT and Denka Black. (B) X-ray diffractograms of pristine textile and as-prepared screen-printed textiles with different MWCNT contents (17.5−52.6 g L−1). Inset of B: Effect of MWCNT concentration on the intensity of XRD diffraction patterns. *: Peaks of aluminum from the XRD equipment sample holder.

　　图3. (A) Raman spectra of MWCNT and Denka Black. (B) Raman spectra of the textiles screen-printed with the as-prepared inks using different MWCNT concentrations. (C) ID/IG ratio as a function of MWCNT concentration.

　　图4. SEM images of (A) pristine cotton textile at magnifications of 1000×, 5000×, 10,000×, and 25,000× (from left to right) and of the screen-printed textiles prepared using MWCNT-based inks with concentrations of (B) 17.5 g L−1, (C) 35.1 g L−1, and (D) 52.6 g L−1 at magnifications of 1000×, 5000×, 10,000×, and 50,000× (from left to right). Insets: Corresponding low-magnification micrographs at 250×.

　　图5.(A, B) Optical images and corresponding micrographs of interdigitated electrodes fabricated with a nominal gap of 0.5 mm under different screen-printing pressures, showing (A) line broadening and merging or (B) poor definition and discontinuity, preventing reliable pattern formation. (C) Influence of interdigitated gap (1−3 mm) on equivalent series resistance (RES) and areal capacitance. (D) Energy−power characteristics of the devices with different interdigitated gaps, highlighting the performance trade-offs associated with electrode spacing.

　　图6. Calculated diffusion coefficient (D) as a function of the applied temperature gradient (ΔT) for the T-TCSC device. Two distinct regimes are identified: an increasing region followed by a decreasing region, each fitted with its respective trendline (dashed lines).

　　图7.Exemplar possible configurations for promoting temperature gradients across the device (folded, rolled, and with absorbing layer).

　　3小结 

　　总而言之，该工作创新性地开发了MWCNT基丝网印刷纺织品，集成了热电能量收集和超级电容能量存储双重功能，实现了从体热到充电的完整能量自供给链路。核心发现与贡献包括：

　　1. 一体化能量收集-存储——同一MWCNT丝网印刷纺织品既作为热电发电机收集体热，又作为超级电容器存储电荷，实现了功能集成和系统简化；

　　2. 丝网印刷可扩展工艺——MWCNT浆料丝网印刷到商用纺织品上，工艺简单、成本低、可大规模生产，为可穿戴能量器件的工业化提供了可行路径；

　　3. 纯碳材料体系——避免稀有金属使用，环境友好且成本低廉，MWCNT兼具热电性、导电性和柔性，是可穿戴能量器件的理想材料平台；

　　4. 可穿戴集成验证——器件在弯曲、拉伸和洗涤后仍保持性能，佩戴演示证实了体热收集-充电-驱动传感器的完整链路，证明了实际应用可行性。

　　该工作为可穿戴自供能系统提供了"一体化收集-存储"新范式，"MWCNT丝网印刷纺织品"策略可拓展至其他碳材料（石墨烯、MXene等）和其他能量收集模式（光伏、压电），在智能织物、健康监测和人机交互领域具有广阔应用前景。

　　文献：